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public interface Deque extends Queue
A linear collection that supports element insertion and removal at both ends. The name deque is short for "double ended queue" and is usually pronounced "deck". Most Deque implementations place no fixed limits on the number of elements they may contain, but this interface supports capacity-restricted deques as well as those with no fixed size limit.
This interface defines methods to access the elements at both ends of the deque. Methods are provided to insert, remove, and examine the element. Each of these methods exists in two forms: one throws an exception if the operation fails, the other returns a special value (either null or false, depending on the operation). The latter form of the insert operation is designed specifically for use with capacity-restricted Deque implementations; in most implementations, insert operations cannot fail.
The twelve methods described above are summarized in the following table:
First Element (Head) | Last Element (Tail) | |||
Throws exception | Special value | Throws exception | Special value | |
Insert | {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)} | {@link #offerFirst offerFirst(e)} | {@link #addLast addLast(e)} | {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)} |
Remove | {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()} | {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()} | {@link #removeLast removeLast()} | {@link #pollLast pollLast()} |
Examine | {@link #getFirst getFirst()} | {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()} | {@link #getLast getLast()} | {@link #peekLast peekLast()} |
This interface extends the {@link Queue} interface. When a deque is used as a queue, FIFO (First-In-First-Out) behavior results. Elements are added at the end of the deque and removed from the beginning. The methods inherited from the Queue interface are precisely equivalent to Deque methods as indicated in the following table:
Queue Method | Equivalent Deque Method |
{@link java.util.Queue#add add(e)} | {@link #addLast addLast(e)} |
{@link java.util.Queue#offer offer(e)} | {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)} |
{@link java.util.Queue#remove remove()} | {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()} |
{@link java.util.Queue#poll poll()} | {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()} |
{@link java.util.Queue#element element()} | {@link #getFirst getFirst()} |
{@link java.util.Queue#peek peek()} | {@link #peek peekFirst()} |
Deques can also be used as LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) stacks. This interface should be used in preference to the legacy {@link Stack} class. When a deque is used as a stack, elements are pushed and popped from the beginning of the deque. Stack methods are precisely equivalent to Deque methods as indicated in the table below:
Stack Method | Equivalent Deque Method |
{@link #push push(e)} | {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)} |
{@link #pop pop()} | {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()} |
{@link #peek peek()} | {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()} |
Note that the {@link #peek peek} method works equally well when a deque is used as a queue or a stack; in either case, elements are drawn from the beginning of the deque.
This interface provides two methods to remove interior elements, {@link #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence} and {@link #removeLastOccurrence removeLastOccurrence}.
Unlike the {@link List} interface, this interface does not provide support for indexed access to elements.
While Deque implementations are not strictly required to prohibit the insertion of null elements, they are strongly encouraged to do so. Users of any Deque implementations that do allow null elements are strongly encouraged not to take advantage of the ability to insert nulls. This is so because null is used as a special return value by various methods to indicated that the deque is empty.
Deque implementations generally do not define element-based versions of the equals and hashCode methods, but instead inherit the identity-based versions from class Object.
This interface is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Method Summary | |
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boolean |
Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and throwing an IllegalStateException if no space is currently available. |
void |
Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions. |
void |
Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions. |
boolean |
Returns true if this deque contains the specified element. |
Iterator |
Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse sequential order. |
Object |
element() Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque). |
Object |
getFirst() Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque. |
Object |
getLast() Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque. |
Iterator |
iterator() Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence. |
boolean |
Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and false if no space is currently available. |
boolean |
offerFirst(Object e) Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque unless it would violate capacity restrictions. |
boolean |
Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque unless it would violate capacity restrictions. |
Object |
peek() Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
peekLast() Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
poll() Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
pollLast() Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty. |
Object |
pop() Pops an element from the stack represented by this deque. |
void |
Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this deque (in other words, at the head of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and throwing an IllegalStateException if no space is currently available. |
Object |
remove() Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque). |
boolean |
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque. |
Object |
Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque. |
boolean |
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque. |
Object |
Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque. |
boolean |
Removes the last occurrence of the specified element from this deque. |
int |
size() Returns the number of elements in this deque. |
Methods inherited from class java.util.Queue |
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add, element, offer, peek, poll, remove |
Methods inherited from class java.util.Collection |
---|
add, addAll, clear, contains, containsAll, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, iterator, remove, removeAll, retainAll, size, toArray, toArray |
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Iterable |
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iterator |
Method Detail |
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public boolean add(Object e)
This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
e
- the element to addpublic void addFirst(Object e)
e
- the element to addpublic void addLast(Object e)
This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.
e
- the element to addpublic boolean contains(Object o)
o
- element whose presence in this deque is to be testedpublic Iterator descendingIterator()
public Object element()
This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst()}.
public Object getFirst()
public Object getLast()
public Iterator iterator()
public boolean offer(Object e)
This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.
e
- the element to addpublic boolean offerFirst(Object e)
e
- the element to addpublic boolean offerLast(Object e)
e
- the element to addpublic Object peek()
This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst()}.
public Object peekFirst()
public Object peekLast()
public Object poll()
This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst()}.
public Object pollFirst()
public Object pollLast()
public Object pop()
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
public void push(Object e)
This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
e
- the element to pushpublic Object remove()
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
public boolean remove(Object o)
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence}.
o
- element to be removed from this deque, if presentpublic Object removeFirst()
public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o)
o
- element to be removed from this deque, if presentpublic Object removeLast()
public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o)
o
- element to be removed from this deque, if presentpublic int size()
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