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public class LockSupport extends Object
Basic thread blocking primitives for creating locks and other synchronization classes.
This class associates, with each thread that uses it, a permit (in the sense of the {@link java.util.concurrent.Semaphore Semaphore} class). A call to {@code park} will return immediately if the permit is available, consuming it in the process; otherwise it may block. A call to {@code unpark} makes the permit available, if it was not already available. (Unlike with Semaphores though, permits do not accumulate. There is at most one.)
Methods {@code park} and {@code unpark} provide efficient means of blocking and unblocking threads that do not encounter the problems that cause the deprecated methods {@code Thread.suspend} and {@code Thread.resume} to be unusable for such purposes: Races between one thread invoking {@code park} and another thread trying to {@code unpark} it will preserve liveness, due to the permit. Additionally, {@code park} will return if the caller's thread was interrupted, and timeout versions are supported. The {@code park} method may also return at any other time, for "no reason", so in general must be invoked within a loop that rechecks conditions upon return. In this sense {@code park} serves as an optimization of a "busy wait" that does not waste as much time spinning, but must be paired with an {@code unpark} to be effective.
The three forms of {@code park} each also support a {@code blocker} object parameter. This object is recorded while the thread is blocked to permit monitoring and diagnostic tools to identify the reasons that threads are blocked. (Such tools may access blockers using method {@link #getBlocker}.) The use of these forms rather than the original forms without this parameter is strongly encouraged. The normal argument to supply as a {@code blocker} within a lock implementation is {@code this}.
These methods are designed to be used as tools for creating higher-level synchronization utilities, and are not in themselves useful for most concurrency control applications. The {@code park} method is designed for use only in constructions of the form:
while (!canProceed()) { ... LockSupport.park(this); }where neither {@code canProceed} nor any other actions prior to the call to {@code park} entail locking or blocking. Because only one permit is associated with each thread, any intermediary uses of {@code park} could interfere with its intended effects.
Sample Usage. Here is a sketch of a first-in-first-out non-reentrant lock class:
{@code class FIFOMutex { private final AtomicBoolean locked = new AtomicBoolean(false); private final Queuewaiters = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue (); public void lock() { boolean wasInterrupted = false; Thread current = Thread.currentThread(); waiters.add(current); // Block while not first in queue or cannot acquire lock while (waiters.peek() != current || !locked.compareAndSet(false, true)) { LockSupport.park(this); if (Thread.interrupted()) // ignore interrupts while waiting wasInterrupted = true; } waiters.remove(); if (wasInterrupted) // reassert interrupt status on exit current.interrupt(); } public void unlock() { locked.set(false); LockSupport.unpark(waiters.peek()); } }}
Method Summary | |
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static Object |
getBlocker(Thread t) Returns the blocker object supplied to the most recent invocation of a park method that has not yet unblocked, or null if not blocked. |
static void |
park() Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the permit is available. |
static void |
Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the permit is available. |
static void |
parkNanos(long nanos) Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, for up to the specified waiting time, unless the permit is available. |
static void |
Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, for up to the specified waiting time, unless the permit is available. |
static void |
parkUntil(long deadline) Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, until the specified deadline, unless the permit is available. |
static void |
Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, until the specified deadline, unless the permit is available. |
static void |
Makes available the permit for the given thread, if it was not already available. |
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
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clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
Method Detail |
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public static Object getBlocker(Thread t)
t
public static void park()
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
public static void park(Object blocker)
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
blocker
- the synchronization object responsible for this
thread parkingpublic static void parkNanos(long nanos)
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the elapsed time upon return.
nanos
- the maximum number of nanoseconds to waitpublic static void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos)
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the elapsed time upon return.
blocker
- the synchronization object responsible for this
thread parkingnanos
- the maximum number of nanoseconds to waitpublic static void parkUntil(long deadline)
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the current time upon return.
deadline
- the absolute time, in milliseconds from the Epoch,
to wait untilpublic static void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline)
If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four things happens:
This method does not report which of these caused the method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine, for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the current time upon return.
blocker
- the synchronization object responsible for this
thread parkingdeadline
- the absolute time, in milliseconds from the Epoch,
to wait untilpublic static void unpark(Thread thread)
thread
- the thread to unpark, or {@code null}, in which case
this operation has no effect
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